Liraglutide Quality Intelligence

Liraglutide Des-Fatty Acid Impurity

Liraglutide peptide backbone without the C16 fatty acid side chain. Loss of the palmitic acid modification via hydrolysis of the glutamic acid spacer linkage is a primary degradation and process-related impurity. This impurity has reduced albumin-binding affinity and altered pharmacokinetic profile.

Liraglutide Met Oxidation Impurity

Oxidation product at methionine residue(s) in the liraglutide sequence. Met oxidation is a well-characterised degradation pathway for GLP-1 analogues under oxidative stress conditions. The oxidised form may be detected by LC-MS as a +16 Da mass shift.

Liraglutide Deamidation Impurity

Deamidation product at asparagine or glutamine residue(s) in the liraglutide sequence. Deamidation introduces a +1 Da mass shift and may affect chromatographic retention. Relevant under acidic or elevated temperature stress conditions.

Liraglutide [Arg³⁴] Sequence Variant

Sequence variant with arginine at position 34. Liraglutide contains a Lys³⁴→Arg³⁴ substitution relative to native GLP-1(7-37); this impurity arises from incomplete or incorrect amino acid incorporation during synthesis. Reported in the scientific literature as a relevant process-related impurity.